On May 30, we observe World Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Day. This international date aims to raise awareness about this chronic neurological condition and support the millions of people living with its daily challenges. Science has advanced rapidly in the search for therapies that not only modify the course of the disease but also provide effective symptom management and improved quality of life.

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune, inflammatory, and degenerative disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath—the protective fatty layer that insulates nerve fibers. When this barrier is damaged (demyelination), electrical impulses between the brain and the body are disrupted or distorted, resulting in a wide range of neurological symptoms [1].

Types of Disease Progression:

• Relapsing-remitting (70–80%): Alternating periods of flare-ups and recovery.

• Primary progressive (15–20%): Continuous worsening from the onset.

• Secondary progressive: Evolution from relapsing forms into a steadily worsening phase.

The Role of Cannabinoids in Symptom Management

The use of Cannabis sativa in neurological medicine has gained attention due to the interaction of phytocannabinoids (such as THC and CBD) with the Endocannabinoid System (ECS), which has receptors widely distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord.

1. Control of Spasticity and Muscle Spasms

Spasticity (muscle stiffness) is one of the most debilitating symptoms of MS. Clinical studies with Nabiximols (an oromucosal spray with a 1:1 ratio of THC:CBD) have demonstrated a significant reduction in muscle stiffness and spasm frequency in patients who did not respond to conventional treatments [2].

2. Relief of Neuropathic Pain

Pain in MS is often chronic and difficult to treat. Meta-analyses indicate that cannabinoids can modulate pain pathways in the CNS, offering a valuable analgesic alternative for patients with central neuropathic pain [3].

3. Cognitive Function and Neuroprotection

Recent research, such as a study published in Behavioural Brain Research, suggests that CBD may have neuroprotective effects, helping preserve cognitive function and memory, while also reducing oxidative stress associated with chronic inflammation [4].

Safety and Dosage Considerations

Although the benefits are evident, treatment must be individualized. THC may enhance the effects of sedatives, while CBD can interact with liver enzymes (CYP450), potentially altering the concentration of other medications such as antiepileptics and antidepressants [5].

Target Symptom	Scientific Evidence	Observed Benefit
Spasticity	Moderate to High	Reduced stiffness and improved mobility.
Chronic Pain	Moderate	Relief of persistent neuropathic pain.
Disfunção Urinária	Emerging	Reduced urinary urgency and frequency.

Conclusion

On this World Multiple Sclerosis Day, we reinforce that science is our greatest ally. Medicinal cannabis is not a cure, but it represents a strong therapeutic frontier for managing symptoms that were once considered untreatable—allowing patients to regain autonomy and well-being.

References

1. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. (2024). What is MS? [Online].
2. Giacoppo, S., et al. (2017). Sativex in the management of multiple sclerosis-related spasticity: An overview of the last decade of clinical evaluation. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.
3. Nucera, S., et al. (2026). Efficacy of Sativex® on Pain, Spasticity, and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Pharmacological Research.
4. Corrêa, M. D. S., et al. (2022). Cannabidiol reverses memory impairments and activates components of the Akt/GSK3β pathway. Behavioural Brain Research.
5. TGA Australia. (2024). Guidance for the use of medicinal cannabis in the treatment of MS.